Taiwan’s population history tells a story of rapid growth, stabilization, and an expected long-term decline. According to United Nations population estimates, Taiwan’s population grew from 7.6 million in 1950 to a peak of 23.7 million around 2019–2020. However, projections indicate a steady decrease, with the population expected to fall to 10.0 million by 2100. This shift highlights major demographic transitions, including declining fertility, aging society, and migration patterns.
Taiwan’s Historical Population Growth (1950–2024)
From the post-World War II years through the late 20th century, Taiwan experienced significant population growth.
- 1950: Population at 7.6 million
- 1960s–1970s: Population doubled, fueled by high fertility and post-war recovery
- 1980s–2000s: Slower growth as fertility rates fell, but continued increases due to longer life expectancy
- 2019: Peak population at 23.7 million
By 2023, Taiwan’s population stood at 23.3 million, marking the beginning of a slow decline.
Taiwan’s Future Population Projections (2025–2100)
Projections show Taiwan entering a new demographic era of shrinking population:
- 2030: 22.6 million
- 2050: 19.4 million
- 2075: 13.9 million
- 2100: 10.0 million
This decline is driven by:
- Low fertility rate: Taiwan has one of the world’s lowest birth rates.
- Aging society: By mid-century, a large share of the population will be over 65.
- Limited immigration: Unlike some regions, Taiwan has relatively low inward migration.
FAQ
Taiwan’s population in 1950 was about 7.6 million.
The peak occurred in 2019–2020 with around 23.7 million people.
In 2023, Taiwan’s population was estimated at 23.3 million.
Projections show a drop to about 10.0 million, meaning the population will halve over 80 years.
Key factors include low fertility rates, longer life expectancy leading to aging society, and limited immigration.
Source:
United Nations. World Population Prospects 2024.
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