Mozambique, located in southeastern Africa, has experienced one of the most dramatic population increases in the region. From 5.9 million people in 1950, the population has grown steadily, reaching 34.6 million in 2024. This rapid expansion reflects improvements in healthcare, recovery from periods of conflict, and a high birth rate. Looking to the future, Mozambique’s population is projected to more than triple, surpassing 100 million by 2100.
Historical Population Growth (1950–2024)
The mid-20th century marked the start of Mozambique’s demographic transformation.
- 1950s–1970s: Population grew from 5.9 million in 1950 to 9.5 million in 1975.
- 1980s: Growth accelerated, surpassing 12 million by 1985.
- 1990s: By 1990, Mozambique had over 13 million people, and the number climbed to nearly 18 million by 2000.
- 2000s–2010s: The population nearly doubled again, from 18.1 million in 2000 to 29.9 million in 2019.
- 2020s: In 2024, Mozambique’s population reached 34.6 million, showing no signs of slowing.
Selected Population Data (1950–2024)
| Year | Population (millions) |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 5.9 |
| 1975 | 9.5 |
| 1990 | 13.1 |
| 2000 | 18.1 |
| 2024 | 34.6 |
Future Population Projections for Mozambique (2025–2100)
Mozambique’s population is expected to grow rapidly throughout the 21st century.
- 2025–2050: The population will nearly double, reaching 63.5 million by 2050.
- 2050–2075: Growth continues, surpassing 88 million by 2075.
- 2075–2100: Mozambique will likely pass the 100 million mark by 2091, reaching about 104 million by 2100.
Long-Term Outlook
The country’s demographic future is shaped by:
- High fertility rates, though expected to decline over time.
- Urbanization, with migration from rural to urban centers.
- Health improvements, reducing child mortality and increasing life expectancy.
FAQ
Mozambique’s population in 2024 is about 34.6 million people.
Mozambique’s population doubled between 1950 and 1980, growing from 5.9 million to 11.3 million.
By 2050, Mozambique is expected to have around 63.5 million residents.
Yes, projections show Mozambique will surpass 100 million by the early 2090s.
Key factors include high fertility rates, improving healthcare, declining mortality, and a youthful age structure.
Source:
United Nations. World Population Prospects 2024.
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