The Gambia, the smallest country on mainland Africa, has seen remarkable demographic growth over the past seven decades. Despite its limited land size, The Gambia’s population has expanded quickly due to high fertility rates, improved healthcare, and rapid urbanization along the Gambia River.
In 1950, The Gambia’s population stood at just 307,000. By 2023, it had grown almost ninefold, reaching 2.7 million. Looking ahead, forecasts suggest the country will reach 5.7 million people by 2100, continuing its demographic transformation.
Gambia Historical Population Growth (1950–2024)
The second half of the 20th century brought sustained population growth:
- 1950: 307,000
- 1970: 524,000
- 1990: 1.05 million
- 2010: 1.93 million
- 2023: 2.7 million
Key drivers of this growth include:
- High fertility rates, averaging above 5 children per woman in the late 20th century
- Decreasing infant mortality, thanks to better healthcare access
- Urbanization, especially around Banjul, the capital
Gambia Future Population Projections (2025–2100)
According to UN data, The Gambia will maintain steady growth throughout the 21st century:
- 2030: 3.13 million
- 2050: 4.3 million
- 2075: 5.36 million
- 2100: 5.7 million
Growth is expected to slow slightly after 2075, reflecting declining fertility rates.
FAQ
The Gambia’s population in 2023 is approximately 2.7 million people.
It has increased almost ninefold, from 307,000 in 1950 to 2.7 million in 2023.
By 2050, The Gambia is projected to reach about 4.3 million people.
Yes, growth will continue, though at a slower pace, reaching 5.7 million by 2100.
High fertility rates, declining child mortality, and urbanization are the main drivers.
Source:
United Nations. World Population Prospects 2024.
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